The basic idea of a tensile test is to place a sample of a material between two fixtures called grips which clamp the material. Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and. Introduction the tensile test is an engineering procedure used to characterize elastic and plastic deformations related to the mechanical behaviour of materials. Various mc and structure components are subjected to tensile loading in numerous application.
Figure 1 tensile test machine the specimen that being tested is given some force in two directions, which is in unaxial direction. A compression test is a method for determining the behavior of materials under a compressive load. Pdf design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile test. Universal testing machine, specimen and extensometer. Tension test on steel rod procedure and results the constructor. Pdf design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile test data.
The universal testing machine can be used to determine the tensile strengths of. Concepts the linear relationship is hookes law that represents elastic deformation. Some metals, such as mild steel, have stressstrain curves that resemble that shown in fig. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic. Each material was tested three times using an instron load frame and the bluehill data acquisition software. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. Pdf design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile. The samples were cylindrical in cross section, with a reduced gage. Tensile properties of interest are the yield stength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and elongation at fracture. Effect of temperature, deformation, and rate of loading on. The data from each test was used to determine valuable material properties such as ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and yield strength. Introduction in this laboratory, you will conduct tension tests on two metal alloys. Tension test is performed on mild steel, tor steel and high tensile steel to determine the properties like youngs modulus, ultimate strength, and the percentage elongation.
Lab manual study the utm and perform the tensile test. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Tension test is performed on mild steel, tor steel and high tensile steel. Yielding, however, occurs quite abruptly at point a and the stress usually drops suddenly to point b. A tensile test is carried out on standard tensile test specimen in universal testing machine. Specimen is machined in the desired orientation and according to the standarts. The major parameters that describe the stressstrain curve obtained during the tension test are the tensile strength uts, yield strength or yield. The crosshead motion was stopped at inter vals to measure the specimen diameter and profile radius.
Test database of the mechanical properties of mild, high. Four different materials were tested, including 6061t6 aluminum alloy, a36 hot rolled steel, polymethylmethacrylate pmma, cast acrylic, and polycarbonate. The simple tensile test was performed on each of the four samples. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Compression test on cast iron or mild steel techylib. Tension test the tension test is the commonly used test for determining static actually quasi static properties of materials. Pdf material testing is done to measure the characteristics and behaviours of structural materials. The placing of the material in tension identifies the youngs modulus of the material. The two terms mean essentially the same thing, generally 1015 or 1020 plain carbon steel.
A simple tensile test determines only one set of properties of a material, at a specific temperature, and a specific strain rate. Mechanical tests may also be divided into quantitative or qualitative tests. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a tensile test. Discussion of the new test database refers to extant test databases where available. Tensile test of mild steel free download as word doc. Minutes of the proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 155, issue 1904, 1 jan 1904 334360 tensile tests of mild steel. Compression test on cast iron or mild steel introduction. Tensile testing and hardness testing of various metals. The material has known dimensions, like length and crosssectional area. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test aluminium and mild steel using the universal testing machine, from the data obtained we were able to successfully obtain the youngs modulus, ultimate tensile strength and yield stress values of the two metals. Sample of steel is subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. Mts c42 electromechanical test system with testsuite software 2.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties the effect of heat treatment annealing, normalising, hardening, and tempering on the mechanical properties ultimate tensile strength, hardness, toughness, percentage elongation, and percentage reduction of the treated and untreated samples is shown in table 3. Tensile testing of steel see web for typical report format including. The region of minimum cross section had dimensions 6. The strength of mild steel austen knapman mild steel. In this paper, it is decided to do a tension test of mild steel using abaqus cae software. The data collected was the position and load of what was going on to a sample material. Analysis of tensile test of mild steel using finite element. Tensile test perfomed on mild steel specimen of 16 mm diameter and 200 mm long. In those materials, the yield limits under tension and compression are generally the same. Example long laboratory report mechanical properties. Aluminum, steel or composite materials can be used as the specimen material mostly. They are a36 hot rolled structural steel and 1018 cold rolled steel. Tensile test experiment materials science and engineering.
The stressstrain curve describes the behavior of steel bars under loads. U as the stress on material is increased further, the stress and the strain increases from yield point to a point called ultimate tensile. Test database of the mechanical properties of mild, high tensile and. The authors propose to use the results youngs modulus from plotting the stressstrain curve obtained after tensile testing and use this in finite element analysis of a ms mild steel specimen. The basics on the operation of universal testing machine were also learnt during this experiment. Minutes of the proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 155, issue 1904, 1 jan 1904 170233 correspondence.
Compression tests are conducted by loading the test specimen between two plates, and then applying a force to the specimen by moving the crossheads together. The aim of the present study is to develop a new test database on the mechanical properties of materials for marine applications, such as mild steel, hightensile. Compression test simple tensile testing usually yields sufficient data to determine the mechanical properties of ductile materials. Magnitude of the load is chosen with respect to the tensile strength of the material. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials1 this standard is issued under the. The test is carried out at ambient temperature between 10cand 35 c, unless otherwise specified. In the tension test a specimen is subjected to a continually increasing one directional tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the ductile specimen. Abstract this experiment was conducted so as compare the mechanical properties of aluminium and mild steel.
Design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile test data. A tensile strength test usually involves taking a sample of the material with a fixed crosssection area, placing it in a tensometer and increasing the force until it breaks. Sometimes the upper yield strength of lowcarbon steel is higher than. A tensile test sample was machined from 1018 steel stock 106. The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining tensile strength, yield strength, event. Tensile strength refers to the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled without breaking. Design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile test. Tensile test tensile test is a method used to measure the strength of an material by giving a static load on unaxial direction of the specimen.
Your ta will give you one specimen, either hot or cold rolled, to test. Tensile test of mild steel specimen on utm youtube. In the tension test, a steel rod is subjected to tension load by the means of a universal testing machineutm. In the material testing laboratory, tensile test was done on a mild steel. We then begin to apply weight to the material gripped at one end while the other end is fixed. Results of tension tests are tabulated in handbooks and. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the compression test on highly ductile materials such as mild steel or most al. The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in clause 4.
In a tensile test of mild steel specimen, usually a round or flat bar is gradually pulled in a testing machine until it breaks. Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Following the experiments, all of the students in the group should arrange to. An example of this dual role of mechanical testing is the tensile test that may be used either to determine the yield strength of a steel for use in design calculations or to ensure that the steel complies with a material specifications strength requirements. For the tensile test experiment, data was collected from using an mts machine and lab computer. Cold rolled annealed steel the measurements that were taken. The materials used were two different types of aluminum and steel. This publication is being made available in pdf format as a benefit to members and. The tensile testing laboratory was conducted using an instron load frame and the bluehill data acquisition software. Lab 3 tension test objectives concepts background experimental procedure report requirements discussion objectives experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity and ductility of given materials. The elastic region oa is similar to the one in the case already discussed. A steel specimen is gradually pulled through a testing machine until it breaks, and stress and corresponding strains are recorded. Mild steel or low carbon steel is selected because this material is successfully used in industrial application such as pipelines, offshore structure and pressure vessels.
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